Cochrane Neonatal Group

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Ad libitum or demand/semi-demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants

Adapted packages for improving essential newborn care in community settings (title stage)

Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise

Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth

Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants

New

Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with suspected hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Alterations in parenteral nutrition management for the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (title stage)

Ambroxol for the treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm neonates (title stage)

Ambroxol treatment after birth for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm neonates (title stage)

Analgesics for postoperative pain in newborns and infants (title stage)

Antacid therapy for gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants (title stage)

Antibiotic packages for treatment of neonatal sepsis in community settings (title stage)

Antibiotic regimen for suspected early and late neonatal sepsis (title stage)

Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis

Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants

Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn (title stage)

Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (protocol stage)

Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures

Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal asphyxia

Antifungal agents for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis in neonates and children (protocol stage)

Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin for the prevention of staphylococcal aureus in neonates (title stage)

Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Antithrombin for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants (title stage)

Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates (protocol stage)

Antiviral therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age (protocol stage)

Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants

Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies

Avoidance of bottles during the establisment of breast feeds in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development for very low birth weight infants (title stage)

Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis

Body position for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (protocol stage)

Breastfeeding for prevention of infant death in developing countries (title stage)

Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates

Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of formula milk for preterm infants (title stage)

Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants

Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants

Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnea

Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates

Cerebrolysin for the treatment of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (title stage)

Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation

Chest physiotherapy for reducing respiratory morbidity in infants requiring ventilatory support (protocol stage)

Chlorhexidine skin care for the prevention of infection in neonates (title stage)

Cholecystokinin for parenteral nutrition associated liver disease in newborn infants (title stage)

Cisapride for the treatment or prevention of feeding intolerance in preterm infants. (title stage)

Clinical decision support systems for neonatal care

Co-bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm multiplets (title stage)

Community based management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries (title stage)

Continuous cerebral perfusion versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for repair of congenital heart defects in neonates (title stage)

Continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Updated

Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters

Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants

Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants

Updated

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams

Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Conventional versus automated heel lance for blood sampling in newborns (title stage)

Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Corticosteroids for open heart surgery in neonates (title stage)

Corticosteroids for treating hypotension in preterm infants

Cot-nursing versus incubator care for preterm infants

Creatine treatment for apnea in preterm infants (title stage)

Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed

Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm/low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates

D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants

Deep versus shallow suction of endotracheal tubes in ventilated neonates and young infants

Delayed (>3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Updated

Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants

Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates

Diazepam for treating tetanus

Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Dilute versus full strength formula for preterm or very low birth weight infants (title stage)

Dilute versus full strength preterm formula in preterm or very low birth weight infants (title stage)

Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation

Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia

Dopamine versus dobutamine for hypotensive preterm infants

Dopamine versus no treatment to prevent renal dysfunction in indomethacin-treated preterm newborn infants

Double wall versus single wall incubator for reducing heat loss in very low birth weight infants in incubators

Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants

Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants

Duration of antibiotic treatment for sepsis in neonates (title stage)

Early Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ( CPAP) compared with Prophylactic/Early Surfactant for the Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant (ELBW) (title stage)

Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates

Early amino acids for paretnerally fed neonates (title stage)

Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants

Updated

Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds

Early erythrocyte transfusion in very-low-birth-weight infants (protocol stage)

Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice

Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants

Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants

Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome

Early versus delayed initiation of continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants

Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Early versus late shunting for post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in preterm infants (title stage)

Early versus later discharge of physiologically stable preterm infants who are fully orally feeding (title stage)

Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Early volume expansion versus inotrope for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants

Elective high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

Endotracheal intubation at birth for preventing morbidity and mortality in vigorous, meconium-stained infants born at term

Endotracheal intubation versus face mask for newborns resuscitated with positive pressure ventilation at birth (protocol stage)

Enteral Iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

withdrawn

Enteral administration of probiotics for preventing infection in preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants

Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants

Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants

Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ethamsylate for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm or very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Exchange blood transfusion for for babies with suspected sepsis/septicemia (title stage)

Exchange transfusion for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants

Updated

Extubation from low-rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants

Facilitation of stool passage for the for the treatment or prevention of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants (title stage)

Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Feed thickener for newborn infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux

Fibreoptic phototherapy for neonatal jaundice

Fluid restriction and prophylactic indomethacin versus prophylactic indomethacin alone for prevention of morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants (title stage)

Fluid restriction for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (title stage)

Fluid restriction for term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia

Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm babies with chronic lung disease (protocol stage)

Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in premature neonates (title stage)

Formula milk versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formula milk versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants

Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Fresh whole blood versus reconstituted blood for cardiac bypass pump priming in congenital heart defect repair in neonates and infants (title stage)

Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin-treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus

Furosemide for transient tachypnea of the newborn

G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections

Galactogogues (domperidone and metaclopramide) for gastro-oesophageal reflux in newborns (title stage)

Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease

Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Glycerine suppository for fecal evacuation in preterm infants with constipation (title stage)

Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality

Gradual versus abrupt discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants

Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropaenia

H2 antagonists for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in neonates (title stage)

Health educational interventions for behaviour change and community mobilization to improve newborn survival in community settings (title stage)

Heliox for prevention of morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants (title stage)

Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates

High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants (protocol stage)

High versus low amino acid intake at the commencement of parenteral nutrition to improve growth in neonates receiving intensive care (protocol stage)

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants

High versus low thresholds for repeat administration of surfactant in intubated preterm neonates (protocol stage)

New

High versus standard protein content of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants (protocol stage)

High vs low dose conventional phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)

Higher versus standard dose of prophylactic caffeine for extubation in preterm infants (title stage)

Higher dose versus standard dose of prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants (title stage)

Higher versus lower humidity for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants in incubators (protocol stage)

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants

Home oxygen for infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity (title stage)

Home-based post-discharge parental support to prevent morbidity in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Hydralazine for pulmonary hypertension in low birth weight infants with chronic lung disease (title stage)

Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Immunoglobulin infusion for isoimmune haemolytic jaundice in neonates

Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/ chronic lung disease

Indomethacin and furosemide versus furosemide alone for premature infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (title stage)

Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants

Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation (protocol stage)

Interventions for late neonatal hypocalcemic seizures (title stage)

Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates

Interventions for strengthening maternal and newborn health systems in developing country communities (title stage)

Interventions for the treatment of hyperglycemia in the low birth weight preterm neonate (title stage)

Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants

Intracardiac versus extracardiac placement of central venous lines for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants (title stage)

Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants

Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants

Intravenous hydration for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants (title stage)

Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates

Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates

withdrawn

Intravenous indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease

Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates

Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants

Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants

Iron chelation therapy for preventing morbitiy and mortality in newborn infants with suspected hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (title stage)

withdrawn

Iron supplementation for erythropoietin-treated preterm infants (protocol stage)

Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants

Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants

Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants

Kinesthetic stimulation versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants

Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants

Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation

Laser photocoagulation versus transscleral cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)

Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants

Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants

Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys

withdrawn

Lipid infusion rates for parenterally-fed preterm infants (protocol stage)

Liquid ventilation versus other forms of ventilatory management in infants with severe respiratory failure (title stage)

Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity (title stage)

Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Long-term versus short-term use of umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants (title stage)

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term

Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants

Loop diuretics during blood transfusion for anemia in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Magnesium sulfate for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Magnesium sulfate for term infants following perinatal asphyxia (protocol stage)

Management of infection in neonates with intravascular catheters (title stage)

Manual ventilation devices for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)

Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth-weight infants

Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease

Medical therapies for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (title stage)

Metalloporphyrins for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants (title stage)

Methods of securing peripheral vascular catheters to reduce morbidity in neonates (protocol stage)

Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants

Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (title stage)

Milrinone for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in neonates (protocol stage)

Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants

Multicomponent fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Multiple versus single lumen umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants

N-acetylcysteine for chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants (title stage)

Naloxone for opiate-exposed newborn infants

Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia

Nasal airways (single or double prong, long or short) for neonatal resuscitation (title stage)

Updated

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants

Updated

Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants

Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in developing countries (protocol stage)

Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation

Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term

Non-nutritive sucking for promoting physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants

Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge

Octreotide for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates (protocol stage)

One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates

Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants

Opioids for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation

Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth-weight neonates

Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants

Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea in low birth weight infants

New

Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants (protocol stage)

New

Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates (protocol stage)

PREVENTION review: [Intervention] for prevention of [health problem] in [population] or TREATMENT review: [Intervention or intervention contrast] for [health problem] in [population]. (title stage)

Pain relief for neonatal circumcision

Parenteral nutrition versus enteral and/or intravenous fluid nutrition for low birthweight infants (title stage)

Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia (protocol stage)

Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates

Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates

Peripheral retinal ablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants

Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants

Pharyngeal airways for resuscitation of infants at birth (title stage)

Phenobarbitone for the treatment or prevention of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants (title stage)

Physical activity programs for promoting bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants

Polyunsaturated fatty acid for the prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants (title stage)

Position (or posture) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants (title stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure for infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for hyaline membrane disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (protocol stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth

Postnatal interventions for the prevention or treatment of hypoglycaemia in infants of diabetic mothers (title stage)

Postnatal interventions for the prevention or treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants with growth restriction (title stage)

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants

Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia

Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prebiotics for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants (title stage)

Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Premedication for endotracheal intubation in neonates (protocol stage)

Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants

Preterm formula milk versus term formula milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity

Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters (title stage)

Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants

Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnea following general anesthesia in preterm infants

Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation

Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants

Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnea in preterm infants

Prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants

Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Prophylactic nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants (protocol stage)

Prophylactic natural surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic oral antifungal agents to prevent systemic candida infection in preterm infants

Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm very low birth weight infants (title stage)

Prophylactic phototherapy for the prevention of neonatal jaundice in preterm very low birth weight infants (title stage)

Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic surfactant versus prophylactic nasal CPAP for premature infants at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (title stage)

Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants

Prophylactic synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters

Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants

Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection

Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates

Propofol for procedural sedation/anesthesia in neonates (title stage)

Prostaglandin E1 therapy for treatment of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (title stage)

Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants

Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (protocol stage)

Proton pump inhibitors for treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in newborns (title stage)

Pulmonary mechanics and function testing versus clinical assessment for assessing readiness to extubate and reducing extubation failure in intubated newborn infants (title stage)

Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)

Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants

Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants

Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in neonates

Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy

Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage

Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Reptilase for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in the neonates (title stage)

Rescue high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants

Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation vs conventional ventilation for infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction born at or near term

Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants

Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Restricted versus unrestricted milk intake for infants with diarhhea (title stage)

Routine oropharyngeal suction versus no suction in the delivery room for infants with meconium-free amniotic fluid (title stage)

Routine screening by echocardiography to reduce morbidity and mortality from congenital heart disease in neonates with Down syndrome (protocol stage)

Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants

Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates

Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants

Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates

Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants

Updated

Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Slow rate of increase versus fast rate of increase of amino acids for parenterally fed neonates (title stage)

Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth

withdrawn

Source, storage and handling of erythrocytes for transfusion to newborn infants (protocol stage)

Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants

Specialty teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality (title stage)

Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants

Strategies used for the withdrawal of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants (protocol stage)

Stylet for facilitation of orotracheal intubation in newborn infants (title stage)

Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures

Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants

Supine versus non-supine sleep position in hospital for preventing morbidity and mortality in spontaneously breathing preterm infants (protocol stage)

Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity

Supplementation of minerals or trace elements for human milk fed preterm or low birthweight infants following hospital discharge (title stage)

Surfactant for congenital pneumonia in newborn infants (title stage)

Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in full term/near term infants

Surfactant for newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (protocol stage)

Surfactant for pneumonia in newborn infants (title stage)

New

Surfactant for pulmonary hemorrhage in neonates

Surgical ligation for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (title stage)

Surgical treatment for tongue-tie in newborn infants (title stage)

Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Sustained inflations for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)

Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants

Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Systemic antifungal drugs for invasive fungal infection in preterm infants

Telemedicine for the support of parents of high risk newborn infants (protocol stage)

The effect of community health educational interventions on newborn survival in developing countries (title stage)

The effect of inotropes on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with low systemic or organ blood flow

The effect of non-standard teats on oral feeding in preterm infants. (title stage)

The use of infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome (title stage)

Therapeutic lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants (protocol stage)

Thrombolytic agents for arterial and venous thromboses in neonates

Updated

Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery

Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants

Thyroxin for prevention or treatment of end organ damage in asphyxiated neonates (title stage)

Topical analgesia for newborn infants undergoing painful procedures (title stage)

Topical analgesia for painful proceduresin newborn infants (title stage)

Topical emollient therapy for preventing infection in preterm infants in low- or middle-income countries (protocol stage)

Topical ointment for preventing infection in preterm infants

Tracheal gas insufflation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants

Tracheal suctioning without disconnection in intubated ventilated neonates

Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight

Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants

Trophic feedings for parenterally fed infants

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of position of the catheter tip

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter design (end vs side hole)

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter materials

Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of heparin

Use of lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (title stage)

Use of non-standard teats to improve oral feeding outcomes in preterm infants (title stage)

Use of reflective materials for improving the efficacy of phototherapy (title stage)

Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates

Varying proportion of non-protein energy provided as lipids in parenterally fed neonates (title stage)

Vasopressin (including Terlipressin) for refractory hypotension in neonates (title stage)

Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates

Ventilation strategies for the management of diaphragmatic hernia in term or near term newborn infants (title stage)

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants six months of age or less (title stage)

Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants

Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants (title stage)

Vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants < 37 weeks for prevention of vitamin D deficiency and its complications (title stage)

Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

Vitamin supplementation for human milk fed preterm or low birthweight infants following hospital discharge (title stage)

Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate

Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants

By subtopic:

Neonatal Group (301)

IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE NEWBORN (6)

Drugs used in resuscitation (6)

Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis

Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia

Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants

Naloxone for opiate-exposed newborn infants

Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia